Monday, 26 February 2018

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS OF POLITICAL THEORY OF CLASS 11TH




 
FROM CHAPTER-2 FREEDOM


Q.1- What is freedom?
Ans- The simplest definition of freedom is the state of being free. Freedom is a state of mind in which one is completely free. Freedom is the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint, and the absence of a despotic government.Freedom leads to happiness and liberty. This liberty and happiness can also be observed in our various fundamental rights. This includes right to freedom of expression, freedom of fundamental rights, freedom of speech, etc.
Q.2- What do we mean by swaraj ?
Ans. Swaraj can mean generally self-governance or "self-rule".Swaraj in the context of the freedom struggle in India referred to freedom as a constitutional and political demand and as a value at the social-collective level.According to Gandhi Swaraj is not just freedom but liberation in redeeming one’s self respect,self-resposibility and capacities for self-realisation from institutions of dehumanization.Gandhiji described the meaning of swaraj in his book “Hind Swaraj” wrote in 1909.
Q.3- Explain Harm Principle?
Ans. The harm principle is a theory by British philosopher John Stuart Mill that states that a government or society does not have the right to prevent people from actions unless the actions are harmful to others in society.
"The only purpose for which power can be rightly exercised over any member of a civilized community against his will, is to prevent harm to others."--John Stuart Mill, On Liberty.
Q.4- Explain liberalism?
Ans. Liberalism is a political philosophy or worldview founded on ideas of liberty and equality. Liberalism is a group of political, social and economic theories that centers on the values of individual liberty, equality, economic freedom, limited and democratic government and the rule of law.It has different meaning in economical and political sphere-
1. Economic: Concept that a government should not try to control prices, rents, and/or wages but instead let open competition and forces of demand and supply create an equilibrium between them that benefits the vast majority of citizens. It differs from the doctrine of laissez faire in its acceptance of the government intervention to control creation and spread of monopolies and in distribution of public good. Economic liberalism, in general, favors redistribution of income through taxes and welfare payments.
2. Political: Concept that the preservation of individual liberty and maximization of freedom of choice should be the primary aim of a representative government. 
Q.5-Name two ideals of freedom and their books?
Ans. Nelson Mandela fought for his country(South Africa) against apartheid regime and for this spended  28 years of his life in jail .Whereas Aung San Suu Kyi remains under house arrest in Myanmar for freedom.
Nelson Mandela book name is Long Walk To Freedom and Aung San Suu kyi book name is Freedom From Fear.

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12TH HISTORY IMPORTANT QUESTION

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